The roman shield based on the roman shield “Dura-Europos Amazon scutum”. Dura Europos was the roman city/fort in Syria and it was abandoned in 256 AD

The references: https://romanrecruit.weebly.com/shield.html https://www.culturalheritage.org/docs/default-source/annualmeeting/2014am_poster14_an_investigation_of_painted.pdf?sfvrsn=2